Directional antenna system



June 21, 1932.

L. BOUTHILLON 1,863,741 DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA SYSTEM Filed Oct. 19. 1927 0 5 ,7; INVENTOR LEON BOUTHILLON ATTORNEY Patented June 21, 1932 PATENT LEON BOUTHILLON, 0F PARIS, FRAN CE, ASSIGNOR TO COMPAGNIE GENERALE DE TELE- GRAPHIE SANS FIL, 0F PARIS, FRANCE, A JOINT STOCK COMPANY OF FRANCE DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA sYsrnM Application filed. October 19, 1927, Serial No. 227,129, and in France November 4, 1926.

The present invention relates to directional antenna systems for both transmission and reception and which may be applied also to radio-goniometers and revolving radio-beacons.

The use in connection with radio-electric transmission and reception work of simple loops or frame antennae consisting of coils possessing reduced thickness compared with their diameter, or, more generally, with their section, is quite well known. It is stated that such a loop or frame antenna combined with detector devices, amplifiers and recorders of Well-known kind or with known transmitter apparatus, receives or sends out with a maximum eflect such electric waves as come from or are travelling in the directions coinciding with their plane, while such signals as come from or are travelling in directions located at right angles thereto exhibit minimum strength.

Now, the present invention has as its principal object to provide an antenna system having complex frames or loops adapted to insure sharper directional effects than that obtainable heretofore with simple frame or coil antennae of the kind above referred to.

According to one embodiment of the basic idea of this invention, the present invention comprises an assembly of simple, vertical, parallel frame or coil antennae so that their vertical diameters come to be in the same plane and are equally spaced. These frame antennae are united with one another by connections such that the'assembly forms'a single circuit, two successive frame antennae being in series or in opposition (differential connection). The assembly is connected in the well-known way with transmitter or receiver apparatus. The surfaces of the turns, their number and the shapes of the different loop antennae may be chosen at will. A better understanding of the invention will be had from the following description thereof, and therefrom when read in connection with the attached drawings throughout which like reference characters indicate like parts, and in which, Figure 1 shows one embodiment of the present invention, while Figures 2 to 8 inclusive show modifications of the arrangement of Figure 1.

A detailed description of the invention will now be given with reference to the drawings, and in particular to Figures 1 and 2 thereof, which show, by way of example, two embodiments of the idea underlying the present invention. Instead of being arrangedin a single circuit, the frame or loop antenna could also be disposed in several circuits connected separately with the transmission or receiv ng apparatus. 7 j a One particular embodiment of'the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 1 which disclosesan antenna system comprising (72+ 1) simple frames or loops, the total surfaces (areas) (sum total of the surfaces of the turns of each simple frame) of the successive frame antenna being proportional to the fol lowing numbers:

all of the frames being mounted in the same vertical plane, and two adjacent or successive frames being connected in opposition so that they are traversed by the current in opposite directions. As hereinbefore pointed out, the simple frame or coil antennae may be assembled either to form a single circuit consisting of a single complex coil or else several circuits connected separately with thetrans mitter or receiver apparatus. In this case, the transmission or the reception, as the case may be, is of maximum value in the directions located in or coinciding with the plane of the frames, and of zero value in the direactions perpendicular thereto. The direc tional effect will be so much more accentuated, the greater the number of simple frame antenna and it is substantially independent of the distance and the space separating the simple frames.

Another special embodiment of the basic idea of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 2 which discloses an antenna system comprising (n+1) simple frames or loops,

. and two adjacent or successive frames being connected in series, so that'the current is caused to flow through all of the frames in the same direction. As hereinbefore explained, the constituent simple frames may be assembled either to forma single circuit comprising one complex frame (F igure'2) or else several circuits connected separately with the transmitter or receiver apparatus.

A modification of the second embodiment hereconsidered comprises as shown in Figs. 3'to 8, inclusive, a system of (72+ 1) groups of vertical antennae. disposed in the same plane and at equal distance, each group comprising: p

(a) either a single antenna, the effective heights being successively for the difierent antennae:

(0) or else any desired number of antennae provided that, for each group, the sum total p n(n1) n(n1( (np 1)...@ 1 1g lp 1 All of the antennae comprised in one and the same group are in phase, while those of two adjacent or successive groups are phase-displaced by 180 degrees.

In case each group comprises only one antenna, a phase displacement angle of 180 degrees between successive groups may be insured, if 'n is an odd number, by uniting the antennae in a single frame by transverse connections. Figures 3 and 4 show by way of example arrangements of such antennae in the case where n=3 and where n 5, respectively, and in which the system comprises simple antennae indicated by vertical lines, the lengths of said antennae being proportional to the numbers 1, 3, 3, 1 (in the case of Figure 3), and to the numbers 1, 5, 10,10, 5, 1 (in the case of Figure 4:) transverse connections are indicated in Figures 3 and 4 by fine lines.

In cases where each group is constituted by m identical antennae, at having values as indicated above, the phase displacement angle of 180 degrees between successive groups may of effective antennaheights is proportional also be obtained by arranging or combining all of the antennae in a single frame or loop. The number of the antennae of the even groups is equal to that of the odd groups. Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 show embodiments by Way of example for n=1, 2, 3, 4L.

Instead of being disposed in a single frame,

the different antennae could also be distributedin several frame s in various other ways which will be obvious. p

The invention comprises also the construction of rotating radio-goniometers and radiobeacons by turning about a vertical axis the complex coils or assemblies of complex coils Whose numbers are proportional to the numbers' of the series: r I v p n(n1) 7 i1; -v

where n+1 is the number of groups of antennae and n equals at least 2. v I

8. A directional-antenna system for use in iou wireless signalling comprising a plurality of groups of antennae connected together to form a circuit, each group comprising a plurality of elementary identical interconnected antenna whose numbers are proportional to the numbers of the series:

where n+1 is the number of groups of antennae and n is at least 2.

4. Adirectional system of antennae, comprising n+1 units, a standing for at least 2, whose eflective height varies according to the series: p A

" a n(nl) 'r i 1 2' y .1

each unit comprising at least one vertical an tenna whose lower and upper extremities are conductively connected with the corresponding extremities of the vertical antennae belonging to other units of the system thereby forming-a closed circuit.

5. A directional system of antennae, comprising n+1 units, n standing for at least 2,

n n(n1) n I 2' i the lower and upper extremities of each antenna being conductively connected to the corresponding extremities of the Vertical antennae belonging to adjacent groups, thereby forming a closed circuit in which the exciting phase difi'erence of the adjacent groups has 7 the value of LEON BOUTHILLON. 

